HelixToolkit.Nex.glTF

# HelixToolkit.Nex.glTF

The `HelixToolkit.Nex.glTF` package imports glTF 2.0 files into the HelixToolkit-Nex scene graph. It parses, converts, and integrates glTF assets — meshes, materials, textures, lights, and nodes — into the engine's ECS-based scene and rendering pipeline.

## Overview

The `HelixToolkit.Nex.glTF` package is responsible for:
- Importing glTF 2.0 / GLB files and converting them into the HelixToolkit-Nex scene graph.
- Converting glTF materials to the engine's PBR material properties.
- Managing GPU resources (textures, samplers, geometries) created during import.
- Providing diagnostics (warnings and errors) about the import process.
- Supporting `KHR_draco_mesh_compression`, `KHR_lights_punctual`, and `EXT_mesh_gpu_instancing`.

Internally the importer builds the scene graph through the Scene module's **`SceneCommandBuffer`**
rather than mutating the ECS `World` directly. This splits an import into two phases: an off-thread
**prepare/record** phase and an owning-thread **complete/flush** phase (see Threading Model below).

## Key Types

| Type                   | Description                                                                                                                                                                        |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `Importer`             | Main entry point. Provides `Import`/`ImportAsync` (one-shot) and `PrepareImport`/`PrepareImportAsync` (two-phase).                                                                 |
| `PreparedImport`       | The result of the prepare phase: holds the recorded `SceneCommandBuffer`, diagnostics, and created GPU resources. Materialized by calling `Complete` on the world's owning thread. |
| `ImportResult`         | Contains the root node of the imported scene, diagnostics, and the resource manifest. Implements `IDisposable`.                                                                    |
| `ImportDiagnostic`     | A diagnostic entry with severity, message, and reference to the glTF element.                                                                                                      |
| `DiagnosticSeverity`   | Severity level of a diagnostic (`Information`, `Warning`, `Error`).                                                                                                                |
| `ImporterConfig`       | Configuration: default shading mode, Draco decompression, mesh instancing options, point-light mesh options, etc.                                                                  |
| `ResourceManifest`     | Tracks all GPU resources created during import for disposal / readiness tracking.                                                                                                  |
| `DirectionalLightInfo` | Directional light component attached to a node's entity (from `KHR_lights_punctual`).                                                                                              |
| `RangeLightInfo`       | Point/spot light component attached to a node's entity (from `KHR_lights_punctual`).                                                                                               |

## Usage Examples

### Importing a glTF File (synchronous)

`Import` runs the whole pipeline on the calling thread, which **must be the world's owning thread**.

```csharp
using HelixToolkit.Nex.glTF;
using HelixToolkit.Nex.Engine;

var importer = new Importer();
var worldData = engine.CreateWorldDataProvider(); // owns the ECS world + resource managers

using ImportResult result = importer.Import("path/to/model.gltf", worldData);

if (result.Success)
{
    var rootNode = result.RootNode;
    foreach (var diagnostic in result.Diagnostics)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{diagnostic.Severity}: {diagnostic.Message}");
    }
}

Two-Phase Import (load off-thread, materialize on the render thread)

This is the recommended pattern for avoiding render-thread stalls on large assets: run the heavy parse/convert/record work on a background thread, then flush onto the world on the owning thread.

var importer = new Importer();

// 1. Prepare off the render thread: parses, loads buffers, converts meshes/materials/textures
//    (async GPU-upload path), and records the scene graph into a SceneCommandBuffer.
//    No World is touched here.
PreparedImport prepared = await importer
    .PrepareImportAsync("path/to/model.gltf", worldData)
    .ConfigureAwait(false);

// 2. Complete on the world's owning (render) thread: this only flushes the recorded buffer,
//    constructing the engine Nodes and setting their (already-uploaded) GPU resources.
//    Marshal back to the render thread however your app does it (dispatcher, queue, etc.).
ImportResult result = renderThread.Invoke(() => prepared.Complete(worldData));

// If you never complete a prepared import, dispose it to release the GPU resources it created.

One-Shot Async Import

ImportAsync is a convenience that prepares and completes in one call. Because the completing flush mutates the world, it must be awaited on the world's owning thread; only the internal load phase runs off-thread.

using ImportResult result = await importer.ImportAsync("path/to/model.gltf", worldData, null, ct);

Threading Model

A glTF import is deliberately split so the expensive work can run off the render thread:

• During recording, SceneBuilder walks the glTF node tree and records deferred operations: RecordCreateNode (including factory overloads for MeshNodes and light-bearing nodes), RecordName, RecordLocalTransform, and RecordAddChild. Mesh/material/texture/light conversion operates on the resource managers (not the ECS world) and, in the async path, uses the asynchronous GPU-upload path (AddAsync / LoadTextureAsync), so it is safe off-thread.
• Complete flushes the buffer with SceneCommandBuffer.Flush(world), which replays the commands through the real Node API on the owning thread. The root is then read from MaterializedNodes keyed by the recorded root handle.
• The synchronous Import performs both phases on the calling thread, which must be the owning thread.

This mirrors the deferred record-then-flush pattern documented in the HelixToolkit.Nex.Scene README; the glTF importer is its primary consumer.

Architecture Notes

• Deferred scene building: The scene graph is constructed via SceneCommandBuffer (record on any thread, flush on the owning thread), keeping world mutation single-threaded.
• Dependencies: HelixToolkit.Nex.Scene (nodes), HelixToolkit.Nex.Engine (WorldDataProvider, mesh/light components), HelixToolkit.Nex.Material (material properties), and HelixToolkit.Nex.Repository (GPU resources).
• Resource management: ResourceManifest tracks GPU resources created during import. Ownership transfers to ImportResult on successful completion; otherwise dispose the PreparedImport.
• ECS integration: Imported nodes are ECS entities; lights are attached as DirectionalLightInfo / RangeLightInfo components on the referencing node's own entity.
• Draco compression: Supports KHR_draco_mesh_compression; decode severity depends on whether the extension is listed in extensionsRequired.
• Lighting: KHR_lights_punctual lights are resolved at record time (with diagnostics) and materialized during flush.
• Mesh Instancing: Supports EXT_mesh_gpu_instancing, allowing efficient rendering of multiple instances of a mesh with varying transformations. This is controlled via ImporterConfig.EnableMeshGpuInstancing.